instant messaging diagram
WHAT IS INSTANT MESSAGING ???
This is a form of real time communication between tro or more peole that enables them to have a "virtual" conversation. IM involves" talking" to someone in real time by typing and receiving messages.

It is popular because it allows:

• Quick and easy communication in real time
• People to work collaboratively and discuss their vies
• The user to see who is onlineand decide if the want to engage ina conversation- you able to set the status so tha people know if you are avaible to talk or busy
• use through ceratain mobile phones, PDAs and other portable devices.

DISADVANTAGES OF IM

 

• You need Internet access to use IM
• If the connection is slow, tjis could impact on the real time feature.
• Overuse of IM could result in less face-to-face contact with people.
• People may misunderstand information as it lacks emotion- to combat this, emoticons have been invented.
• if you use text language  regularly, it could affect your writing skills.
• You may prefer to chat rather than type a message.

 A VoIP diagram
WHAT IS A VOIP (VOICE INTERNET PROTOCOL)
This is similar to IM on a computer, but sound rather than text is sent. It is just like making a telephone call.
Ruby's friends were getting large phones bills using their mobiles, so the switched to suing VoIP.
They can use this feature when they have access to the Internet on their computers or in some cases on their mobiles. They  can now talk witout running up huge phone bills.
To use VoIP through a computer you need a headset or speakers and a microphone, and a webcam if you wish to stream video to the other caller. Mobile phones must have a 3G or mobile internet connection,if you are using a landline phone, it needs to be plugged into the Internet router.
Making calls this way is free, even international ones, but some VoIP service providers charge a membership or monthly fee.

DISADVANTAGE OF VOIP

• A slow Internet connection can cause  a delay in the sound begin received by the callers- this is known as latency and may spoil the experience. 
• VoIP will only work with an internet connection. If the Internet service provider (ISP) or the VoIP service provider is temporarily unavailable,then calls cannot be made.
• VoIP designed to be used from anywhere in the world. Users do not have a geographical telephone number, e.g, area code then numbe. When people dial 999 from a home phone or a mobile, the emergency services can track down the signal, but with VoIP this is not always possible and could be a problem 

Buying a computer 

Processor (CPU)
This is the brains of the computer- it does all the calculating. The number of a calculations it carries out (processes) is measured in gigahertz (GHz).The higher the processing  speed, the faster the computer but the more power it uses. This is an important consideration when buying a portable device.
Memory 
This is usually refers RAM (Random Access Memory), which is the temporary ,memory that the computer uses. RAM is used to run the programs that are open on the computer.The higher the RAM, the more programs you  can have open at any one time and the faster thei will respond. If the power fails, the temporary memory is lost - that's why you lose unsaved work when the coputer is switched off. You need to consider what you will be using your computer for, as graphics and videos require more RAM.
Hard Drive Size
The hard drive is the primary storage area of the computer. It is where the software, files and data are kept and where they are retrieved from. The size of the hard driv is measured in bytes - usually in gigabytes. The bigger the hard drive, the more data can be stored.
Wireless enabled
This allows the device to pick up WiFi signals, enabling you to connect to a network, connect devices together and access the Internet without wires. Data exchanged wirelessly is slower than data travelling a though cable. This is beacause data can be distorted as it travels through the air by other signals and interference travelling though the same air space. This can cause unwanted glitches and freezes in programs.
Sometimes signals may not be able to travel through walls, or certain locations may be out of range. This is an important consideration when using WiFi - the alternative is to use a cabled connection.
USB Connection
USB ( Universal Serial Bus) is the most common method of connecting devices to a computer.
Because many perifherals use this type of connection, it is good if the computer has many USB ports.
Sound Card/Graphics Card
These are devices that fix to the computer's main circuit (the motherboard), allowing computers to play and record sound and display graphics. Different cards will enhance the sound and graphics, so if you use a lot of graphics, videos, music or games, this is an important factor to consider.
Card/Graphics Card Optical Drive
The optical drive uses lasers to read data encoded on CDs and DVDs. This allows you to install software, listen to music and watch films with ease. Some optical drives also allow CDs/DVDS to be written (burned)-
this is useful if you want to transfer information from your device.

source: Edexcel GCSE Book ICT Students

4G Fourth Generation Of Mobile Phone
In Telecommunications 4G is the fourth generation of mobile phone mobile communications standards. It is a successor of the third generation  (3G) standards. A 4G system provides mobile ultrabroadband Internet access, for example to laptops with USB wireless modems, to smartphones, and to othe mobile devices conceivable applications include amended mobile web access, IP telephony, gaming services, high definition mobile TV, video conferencing and 3D Television. Recently, Android and Windows enabled cellular devices have fallen in 4G category. One base advantage of 4G is that it can at any point of travelling time provide an internet data transfer rate higher than any existing cellular services (excluding broadband and Wi-Fi connections)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G

 

PURE DATA NETWORK

The current 3G mobile network handle both voice and data seperately. One of the most significant changes to the the most significant changes the 4G network that is a network, transfering Internet Protocol (IP) data packets. A completely data based will allow for more bandwith which means more data can be passed thryouh the network.

 

SPEED

In october 2010, the ITU set the standard for 4g Networks to have a peak data download speed of 100 Megabits per second in mobile applications such as mobile phones and roaming network devices and 1 Gigabit per second in local ficed locations.

 

RANGE

Current 3G network technology range is approximately 10 miles under optimum conditions 4G candidate WiMAX currently has a range of up 31 miles under optimum contions.

 

HAND OFF

Though current 3G networks do have the abiliti to transfer data, when a user leaves a 3G coverage area for another, the data transger may be halted or stopped due compability issues. The improved 4G network standards will eliminate this, allowing for smooth hand off from one coverage area to another without interruption to any ongoing data transfers.This will result in smooth streaming data for the user.

 

MORE DEVICES AND APPLICATIONS

Unlike current 3G smartphones and netbooks, which are light in processing power, 4G network devices can take advantage of the higher bandwith and speeds to deliver more robust and data heavy applications. One of the most anticipated uses of the 4G network is to be able to deliver high definition digital television to a handheld device. Other anticipated applications include portable online gaming, improved GPS and telemedicine.

http://www.ehow.com/about_7535206_advantages-using-4g.html

Task 1.11
would a desktop or a portable computer be most suitable for the following people, and why?

Teacher

A teacher is a person who provides education for pupils and students.
So a teacher could use a desktop or a portable computer. It wouldn't be a an issue in his or her work.

News reporter

A news reporter is a person who presents news during programms in the format of a television show, on the radio or the internet.
a PDA would be more suitable for a news reporter because their job is stagnant and a PDA will be more convenient for communication.

Website designer 

A website designer is a broad term covering many different skills and disciplines that are used in the production and maintanance of websites. The different areas of web design include; web graphic design, iinterface design, authoring; including standardised code and proprietary software, user experience design and search engine optimization.
Web design software should be equipped with an array of graphic imaging tools that allows you to customize and enhance images for your site. 
It should be able to crop, resize and compress images directly in the software without the use of a third-party application. Additionally, the software should have an image library full of graphics, clip art and photographs that you can freely use.
They should use laptops.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Website_designer
http://web-design-software-review.toptenreviews.com/


Doctor (in a GP)

A doctor should use a desktop.

Which kind of computer?

Type of Computers

Laptop- a portable computer designed to fit on th lap (although most people use them on a table or desk). It carries out the same functions as a desktop computer but in a compact version that is alight enough to be carried around

Notebook- similar to a laptop but even more compact. The name comes from its small size, comparing it with the size, comparing it with the size of a notebook.

Netbook- similar to a notebook but designed mainly for wireless communication via email, messaging and access to the internet.
A netbook is usually cheaper and has a lower specification compared to laptops and notebooks. They increasingly have a solid state memory.

Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)- a portable device that is small enoughg to hold in the palm of a hand. It usually contains address book, note-making features, telephone and Internet facilities. It allows data to be exchanged with computers.


Desktop computers are probably the type of computer you are most familiar with. They come with a monitor (now usually a TFT screen), keyboard, mouse, CD-RW and a DVD-RW or at least a DVD-ROM

Mainframe computers are very large powerful computer systems that are usually at the heart of a business. The mainframe computer will have a very powerful processor, large amounts of main memory and a huge backing storage capacity. They are accessed through one or more terminals. Terminals consist of a screen, keyboard, mouse but no processor as all the processing is done by the mainframe.

Ipad The iPad is a tablet computer produced by the marketing geniuses over at Apple

The Amazon Kindle is a series of e-book readers produced by Amazon.com. Amazon Kindle enable users to shop for, download, browse, and read e-books, newspapers, magazines, blogs, and other digital media via wireless networking.^[1] The hardware platform, developed by Amazon.com subsidiary Lab126, began as a single device and now comprises a range of devices — most using an E Ink electronic paper display capable of rendering 16 tones to simulate reading on paper while minimizing power consumption.

Task 1.9
Concernes about 10 year old having a mobile phone.

Children at the age of 10 and under are not meant to have a mobile phone beacuse the health effects about mobile phone radiation on children is worrisome.
Not only that but might get addicted to texting and it can cause so many things like ruining grammer and some scientists even say it causes cancer.
There are so many risk around using mobile phones at that age and they might be able to
manage the situation, so children at the age of 10 and under SHOULD NOT have a mobile phone


Task 1.10
Ruby's parents would like you tol help them make up their minds by finding out the advantages and disadvantages of using mobile phones.

ADVANTAGES

• It is an easy way to communicate with anyone no matter the where you are
• They can be used worldwide
• It is useful for emergencies
• You can be always connected
• It assists in business

DISADVANTAGES

• Use of mobile phone can be addictive
• Mobile phone waves maybe harmful to our health
• Some people use bluetooth and cameras in bad ways
• In order to get up-to-date. People tend to change their mobile phones to often
• The person who is dialing to a mobile phone cannot have the information as to where exactly the other person is
• It is expensive

Mobile phone etiquette and safety device

• Mobile phones can be expensive and are an easy target for thieves. You should activate the lock feature which requires a PIN
• If you take a video or photo of someone on your phone, you should ask for their permission before you upload it to a public domain
• Try to avoid using phones in quiet places e.g quiet coaches on trains and in libraries.
• Recycle your old phone if you can.
• As on the Internet, you should avoid viewing content that is unsuitable for your age range
• You should not send malicious messages or make prank calls. This could lead to the police charging you with harassment.
• When you are driving a vehicle, it is illegal to talk on the phone without a hands-free kit.
• You should activate the keypad lock on your phone to prevent

source Edexcel GCSE Student book ICT

DESIGNING MOBILE PHONES
There are different phones available for different purposes


FASHION PHONES
These can be different shapes and have the ability to be customised, e.g change the fascias. Buttons   may be in odd places and may be inconvenient to use. They can be bright colours and higly designed, appealing to the fashion-conscious larger.

BUSINESS PHONES These use a slim, sleek design, usually in black ir metallic colours. They have large screens and an intergrated , full qwerty keyboard.
Feautures often include speaker phone, voice-activated dialling, the ability to synchronise it with other devices like netbooks and laptops, large screens to enable work on data files, GPS to get the user to unfamiliar destinations with ease, camera, personal digital assistant (PDA), and 3G compatibility for internet access- allowing users to carry one device rather than many.


MULTIFUNCTIONAL PHONES
These combine both style and business features, appealing to the mass market than niche. They have the best of both worlds: high-spec feauture, large amounts of storage, high-speed processing, slim design with touch screens and access to the internet.
Edxcel GCES ICT Students Book

Task 1.3
Task:

Your friends want to a copy of a photo you took on a day out in London.
It is common to send images between phones via MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service or text with a photo attached), but imagine that this service is down and you cannot use this method.
Your task is to send the photo from your phone (A) to all your friends phones without using MMS.
During different ways getting the picture to each of the phones using only the features specified in the table below



                Edxcel GCSE IT Student Book

Research all image file types and explain the major differences and option 

JPEG File
In computing JPEG is a commonly method of lossy compression of digital photography (image)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPEG
















GIF File
GIF file format commonly used for graphics presented on websites. GIFs can contain maximum of 256 colors, and are therefore best of images that contain simple shapes, a limited color palette, text and other elements as opposed to photos. GIF stands for Graphics Interchange Format.
GIF Files have the file extension .gif. GIF files are compressed using "lossless"  compression, meaning image quality is not sacrificed as file reduces. However, if you save images with many colors GIF files with a limited  color palette you will notice a reduction in quality. This is most obvious in photos.
Unlike JPG files, GIF files support transparent backgrounds. This allows GIF files to blend with website background colors. However, since pixels can only be 100% transparent or 100% opaque, you cannot use them for partial transparency, drop shadows, and similar effects. To achieve that, PNG files are best.





http://graphicdesign.about.com/od/Definitions/g/Gif-Files.htm

BMP File

BMP is one of a number of file formats used to store digital images. The bmp format was developed by Microsoft for Windows and all programs created for use in the Windows environment will recognize .bmp image files. The BMP file is a bitmap file which produces images from hundreds of small pixels of color. Little dots of different colors when combined together will produce the image which can easily be loaded from most web sites.
BMP files can be quite large and are not always practical for home use. The file will offer great detail because of its size but images saved in this format can quickly eat up a hard drives space. The typical uncompressed BMP file is ten times the size of a similar JPEG file which is compressed to make the image easier to store or transmit over the internet. If you are scanning photographs, JPEG is a much better choice than BMP for storage.














PNG File
Portable Network Graphics  is a bitmapped image format that employs lossless data compression PNG was created to improve upon and replace GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) as an image-file format not requiring a patent license.
PNG supports palette-based images (with palettes of 24-bit RGB or 32-bit RGBA colors), grayscale  images (with or without alpha channel), and full-color non-palette-based RGB[A] images (with or without alpha channel). PNG was designed for transferring images on the Internet, not for professional-quality print graphics, and therefore does not support non-RGB color spaces  such as CMYK.
PNG files nearly always use file extension PNG or png and are assigned MIME media type image/png; it was approved for this use by the Internet Engineering Steering Group on 14 October 1996. PNG was published as an ISO/IEC standard in 2004.












http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics

TIFF File
TIFF is the short form of Tagged Image File Format . TIFF was developed by the Aldus Corporation in collaboration with various other contributors in 1986. It is a bitmapped image format that supports various resolutions. A TIFF file contains descriptive information about the image. A TIFF file is identified by a .tiff or a .tif file extension.
TIFF file formats are used for storing very large, high quality images. TIFF is the favored image format in many graphic applications. These include image manipulation programs, desktop publishing and 3-D imaging applications. Other applications that use TIFF is optical recognition software and scanning and faxing applications. A TIFF version called GeoTIFF is used to store geo-referenced raster imagery.
A TIFF file can have a maximum size of 4GB. This file size limitation is one of the drawbacks of TIFF. To get around it and to exceed the size boundary, the creation of a new TIFF file format called the BigTIFF file format has been proposed.












http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-tiff-file.htm

WMF File
Windows Metafile (WMF) is a graphics file format on Microsoft Windows  systems, originally designed in the 1990s. Windows Metafiles are intended to be portable between applications and may contain both vector graphics and bitmap components. It acts in a similar manner to SVG Files.
Essentially, a WMF file stores a list of function calls that have to be issued to the Windows Graphics  Device Interface  (GDI) layer to display an image on screen. Since some GDI functions accept pointers to callback functions  for error handling  , a WMF file may erroneously include executable code.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Metafile

EMF File
EMF is a file extension for Enhanced Metalfile  , a spool file format used in printing by the Windows operating system.
When a print job is sent to the printer , if it is already printing another file, the computer reads the new file and stores it, usually on the hard disk or in memory , for printing at a later time. EMF files may be created and reside in memory or disk space when windows caches them while waiting on another printing job. Spooling allows multiple print jobs to be given to the printer at one time.


http://whatis.techtarget.com/fileformat/EMF-Enhanced-Windows-Metafile

MOBILE PHONE MANUFACTURERS



T MOBILE




ORANGE




VODAFONE

 

 

THREE

 

 

 

O2

 

 

M0BILE PH0NE PR0VIDERS IN THE UK

T MOBILE

ORANGE

O2

VODAFONE

VIRGIN MOBILE

M O B I L E    P H O N E    N E T W O R KS  


 3

 02

 ORANGE

 TALK MOBILE

 T MOBILE

 VIRGIN MOBILE

 VODAFONE

 ASDA MOBILE

 FAMILY MOBILE


 GIFFGAFF

 LEBARA MOBILE


 TESCO MOBILE

HOW MOBILE PHONES WORK !!!

Mobile phone tracking refers to the attaining of the current position of a mobile phone, stationary or moving. Localization may occur either via multilateration of radio signals between (several) radio towers of the network and the phone, or simply via GPS. To locate the phone using multilateration of radio signals, it must emit at least the roaming signal to contact the next nearby antenna tower, but the process does not require an active call. GSM is based on the signal strength to nearby antenna masts.^[1]
Mobile positioning, which includes location based service that discloses the actual coordinates of a mobile phone bearer, is a technology used by telecommunication companies to approximate where a mobile phone, and thereby also its user (bearer), temporarily resides. The more properly applied term locating refers to the purpose rather than a positioning process. Such service is offered as an option of the class of location-based services (LBS).^[2]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone_tracking

       
                 PHONE FEATURES LIST


Alarm:is a clock that is designed to wake a person at a specific time.

Internal Memory: CardAn electronic flash memory storage disk commonly used in consumer electronic devices such as digital cameras, MP3 players, mobile phones, and other small portable devices.
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/M/main_memory.html


Mp3 Player:A portable consumer electronic device that allows you to store and plays music files in MP3 format.
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/M/MP3_player.html


Usb Port: A USB port is a standard cable connection interface on personal computers and consumer electronics.
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/U/USB.html


Bluetooth:is a proprietary open wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth


Roaming:in wireless networking, roaming refers to the ability to move from one APcoverage area to another without interruption in service or loss in connectivity.
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/R/roaming.html


Predictive Text:is an input technology  used where one key or botton represents many letters: such as on mobile phones and in accesibility technlogies.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculator


Voice Recorder: is a sound recording device most commonly used to record speech for later playback.


Calculator:An electronic calculator is a small, portable, often inexpensive electronic device used to perform both basic and complex operations of arithmetic.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculator


Internet: The Internet is a global network connecting millions of http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/I/Internet.html


Radio:A radio is a receiver that is electronic and receives and detects transmitted signals. You can use a radio to listen to music or talk shows, or you can use a radio to transmit calls for help. computers and consumer electronics.

Camera: A camera is a device that records images that can be stored directly, transmitted to another location, or both. These images may be still photographs or moving images such as videos or movies.

Memo:Technically memos are memoranda ie notes to aid the memory in the future.
Read more:
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_memo#ixzz28DmyhdH0


Persona Organiser: It usually contains a diary, calendar, address book,blank paper and other sections. For some the function of paper-and-binder personal organizers, a 20th century innovation, is being assumed by electronic personal digital assistants (PDAs) and personal information manager software on personal computers. Some personal organizers attempt to bridge the gap by featuring holders for PDAs.


Hands-free Device:Also called a mobile phone car kit. A hands-free kit contain both a speakerand a microphone to allow cellphone users to use their cellphone while driving, without using their hands to operate the phone.
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/W/Wi_Fi.html


Video calling: also known as "videophone" or "video conferencing", this feauture lets two people with 3g phone talk to each other while viewing 2-way live video of each other.
http://www.phonescoop.com/glossary/term.php?gid=431

Touchscreen : A type of display screen that has a touch-sensitive transparent panel covering the screen. Instead of using a pointing device such as a mouse or light pen, you can use your finger to point directly to objects on the screen.
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/T/touch_screen.html

Wifi :Wi-Fi is the name of a popular wireless networking technology that uses radio waves to provide wireless high-speed Internet and network connections.
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/W/Wi_Fi.html

3g: 3g short for 3rd Generation, is a term used to represent the 3rd generation of mobile telecommunications technology. This is a set of standards used for mobile devices and mobile telecommunication services and networks that comply with the International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000). 3G finds application in wireless voice telephony, mobile Internet access, fixed wireless Internet access, video calls and mobile TV.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3g


Sms: Short for Short Message Service Similar to paging, SMS is a service for sending short text messages to mobile phones.
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/SMS.html


GPS:GPS which stands for Globa Positioning System,is a radio navigation system that allows land, sea,and airbone users to determine their exact location,velocity and time 24 hours a day in all weather conditions anywhere in the world .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_bandwidth


Network Band:In computer networking and computer science, the words bandwidth,network bandwidth, data bandwidth, or digital bandwidth are terms used to refer to various bit-rate measures, representing the available or consumed data communication resources expressed in bits per second or multiples of it (bit/s, kbit/s, Mbit/s, Gbit/s, etc.).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_bandwidth


Camrecorder:An electronic device that contains both a video camera and recording device.http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/camcorder.html

MMS:Abbreviated as MMS, Multimedia Message Service is a store-and-forward method of transmitting graphics, video clips, sound files and short text messages over wireless networks using the WAP protocol.

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/I/Internet.html
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